What is a conditional statement in Python?

Zora 71 Published: 08/09/2024

What is a conditional statement in Python?

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A conditional statement in Python is a type of control structure that allows you to execute different blocks of code based on certain conditions or criteria. In other words, it's a way to make decisions within your program.

Conditional statements are used when you want your code to behave differently depending on the value of a variable, input from a user, or some other condition. They're incredibly useful for handling scenarios that might arise during runtime.

Python has several types of conditional statements:

If-else Statement: This is the most common type of conditional statement in Python. It checks if a certain condition is true and then executes a block of code if it is. If the condition is false, the code inside an optional else clause will be executed instead. 
    if condition:
Code to execute if condition is True

else:

Code to execute if condition is False
If-elif-else Statement: This type of conditional statement allows you to check multiple conditions and execute different blocks of code based on which one is true. 
    if condition1:
Code to execute if condition1 is True

elif condition2:

Code to execute if condition1 is False but condition2 is True

else:

Code to execute if both conditions are False
If Statement with Elif Clauses: This is similar to the previous example, but you can add as many elif clauses as needed. 
    if condition1:
Code to execute if condition1 is True

elif condition2:

Code to execute if condition1 is False but condition2 is True

elif condition3:

Code to execute if conditions 1 and 2 are False but condition3 is True

else:

Code to execute if all conditions are False
Ternary Operator: This is a shorthand way of writing simple conditional statements. 
    result = value_if_true if condition else value_if_false
Try-Except Block: This type of block allows you to handle exceptions or errors that might occur during runtime. 
    try:
Code to execute

except ExceptionType:

Code to execute when an exception occurs

In summary, conditional statements in Python are incredibly powerful tools for making decisions within your code. By using if-else, if-elif-else, and try-except blocks, you can create robust programs that handle different scenarios and exceptions.

Remember, programming is all about solving problems and making decisions! With these conditional statements at your disposal, the possibilities are endless!

What are the control statements in Python?

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In Python, control statements, also known as flow-control statements, are used to regulate the sequence of execution for your code. These statements determine whether a certain block of code should execute, skip, or repeat under specific conditions.

There are three types of control statements in Python:

Conditional Statements:

Conditional statements evaluate a condition and take different actions based on its truth value (True or False). The most common conditional statements are If-Else, If-Elif-Elsie, and Switch/Case.

If-Else Statement:

The if-else statement is used to execute different blocks of code based on the evaluation result. It has two parts: the condition and the action. If the condition evaluates to True, the action following it will be executed; otherwise, the else clause will be executed.

if x > 5:

print("x is greater than 5")


else:


print("x is less than or equal to 5")

If-Elif-Elsie Statement:

This statement allows you to evaluate multiple conditions and execute different actions accordingly. You can have as many elif clauses as needed.

if x > 10:

print("x is greater than 10")


elif x > 5:


print("x is between 5 and 10 (exclusive)")


else:


print("x is less than or equal to 5")

Switch/Case Statement: Python does not have a built-in switch statement. However, you can achieve the same functionality using dictionaries.

color = "blue"

if color == "red":


print("The color is red")


elif color == "green":


print("The color is green")


elif color == "blue":


print("The color is blue")
Loops:

Loops allow you to execute a block of code repeatedly until a specific condition is met. There are two types of loops in Python: For and While.

For Loop:

A for loop iterates over an iterable (like a list, tuple, or dictionary) and executes the enclosed code for each item.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for fruit in fruits:


print(fruit)

While Loop:

A while loop continues to execute until a specified condition becomes False. The code inside the loop will be executed at least once before it evaluates the condition.

i = 0

while i < 5:


print(i)


i += 1
Jump Statements:

Jump statements allow you to control the flow of your program by transferring execution between different parts of your code.

Break Statement: The break statement exits a loop or switch statement immediately, skipping any remaining iterations.

for i in range(5):

if i == 2:


break


print(i)

Continue Statement: The continue statement skips the rest of the current iteration and moves on to the next one (if applicable).

for i in range(5):

if i == 2:


continue


print(i)

Return Statement: The return statement ends the function's execution and returns a value.

def add(a, b):

result = a + b


return result


result = add(3, 4)  # Output: 7

These are the primary control statements in Python. Understanding these constructs is essential for creating efficient, readable, and maintainable code.

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