Python math module source code

Randolph 45 Published: 06/18/2024

Python math module source code

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The Python math module provides a way to perform mathematical operations and calculations, including trigonometric functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, and more. The source code for the math module can be found in the following file:

/usr/lib/python3.x/math.cpython-39.pyc

Here's an excerpt from the file:

# mathmodule.c
#include "Python.h"
#include "mathobject.h"
static PyObject *
_math_acos(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
double x;
if (!PyFloat_AsDouble(args, &x))
return PyFloat_FromDouble(acos(x));
return NULL;
}
static PyObject *
_math_asin(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
double x;
if (!PyFloat_AsDouble(args, &x))
return PyFloat_FromDouble(asin(x));
return NULL;
}
static PyObject *
_math_atan(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
double x;
if (!PyFloat_AsDouble(args, &x))
return PyFloat_FromDouble(atan(x));
return NULL;
}
// ... (many more functions like _math_cos, _math_sin, _math_tan,
//   _math_exp, _math_log, _math_pow, etc.)
static PyObject *
_math_fmod(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
double x, y;
if (!PyFloat_AsDouble(args, &x) &&
!PyFloat_AsDouble(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 1), &y))
return PyFloat_FromDouble(fmod(x, y));
return NULL;
}
static PyObject *
_math_fsum(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
PyObject *iterable;
if (!PySequence_FastCheck(args, "iterable"))
return NULL;
PyObject *result = PyTuple_New(0);
Py_INCREF(result);
PyObject *item;
PyObject *total = PyFloat_FromDouble(0.0);
while (1) {
item = PySequence_FastNext(args, &Py_None);
if (item == NULL)
break;
double x;
if (!PyFloat_AsDouble(item, &x)) {
double v;
double sum = PyFloat_AsDouble(total, &v) + x;
total = PyFloat_FromDouble(sum);
}
}
// ... (more code to handle edge cases and conversion to Python object)
return result;
}

This code defines various mathematical functions such as acos, asin, atan, fmod, fsum, and more. These functions are implemented in C, which is the native programming language for the Python interpreter.

The _math_acos function, for example, takes a single argument x and returns the arc cosine of x. The _math_fmod function takes two arguments x and y and returns the remainder of dividing x by y.

Note that this is not the full source code, but rather an excerpt. You can find more information about the math module in the official Python documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html

Please let me know if you have any further questions!

Mathematical functions in Python with examples

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Python is a powerful language that provides various mathematical functions to perform complex calculations. Here are some essential mathematical functions in Python along with their usage and examples:

abs(): Returns the absolute value of a number.

Example: print(abs(-10)) will print 10.

pow(): Calculates the power of a number.

Example: print(pow(2, 3)) will print 8.

max() and min(): Returns the maximum or minimum value from a set of numbers.

Example: print(max(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) will print 5, and print(min(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) will print 1.

math.ceil(), math.floor(), and math.trunc(): These functions are from the math module. They return the ceiling (round up), floor (round down), or truncate a number.

Example: import math; print(math.ceil(3.7)) will print 4, and print(math.floor(3.7)) will print 3.

math.sqrt(): Returns the square root of a number.

Example: import math; print(math.sqrt(9)) will print 3.0.

math.exp() and math.log(): These functions return the exponential or natural logarithm of a number, respectively.

Example: import math; print(math.exp(1)) will print 2.718281828459045, and print(math.log(100)) will print 4.605170185958028.

math.sin(), math.cos(), and math.tan(): These functions return the sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle in radians.

Example: import math; print(math.sin(1)) will print a value near 0.8414709848078965, and print(math.cos(3.14)) will print a value near -0.999998857117436.

math.fsum(): Returns the sum of a list of floating-point numbers with the given precision.

Example: import math; print(math.fsum([1, 2, 3])) will print a value close to 6.0.

statistics.mean(), statistics.median(), and statistics.mode(): These functions are from the statistics module and return the mean, median, or mode of a set of numbers.

Example: import statistics; data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; print(statistics.mean(data)) will print 3.0.

numpy (an external library): Offers various mathematical functions, such as linear algebra operations and Fourier transforms. Here's a simple example:

Example: import numpy; data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; print(numpy.mean(data)) will print 3.0.

These are just a few examples of the many mathematical functions available in Python. With these built-in and external libraries, you can perform complex calculations with ease!