Python rest api authentication token example json

Python rest api authentication token example json

I apologize for the misunderstanding earlier! Here's a comprehensive example of using JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for authentication in a REST API, implemented in Python:

Why JWT?

JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are a popular choice for authentication because they provide a secure, stateless, and compact way to verify identities. They're widely supported by most programming languages, including Python.

Token Structure:

A typical JWT consists of three main parts:

Python Implementation:

Let's create a Python example using Flask as our web framework. We'll use the pyjwt library for JWT generation and verification.

First, install the required libraries:

pip install flask pyjwt

Next, create a new Flask app:

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
import jwt
app = Flask(name)
Secret key for signing/verifying tokens
SECRET_KEY = 'your_secret_key_here'
Payload data (username and password)
PAYLOAD = {'username': 'john', 'password': 'hello'}
@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
Get the request body (JSON) containing the username and password
req_body = request.get_json()
Verify the username and password against a database or another source
if req_body['username'] == PAYLOAD['username'] and req_body['password'] == PAYLOAD['password']:
Generate a new JWT token with the payload (claims)
token = jwt.encode({'exp': 3600, 'user': req_body['username']}, SECRET_KEY, algorithm='HS256')
return jsonify({'token': token})
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'Invalid credentials'}), 401
@app.route('/protected', methods=['GET'])
def protected():
Get the JWT token from the request headers
token = request.headers.get('Authorization')
Verify the token using the SECRET_KEY and payload data
try:
decoded_token = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=['HS256'])
if decoded_token['exp'] < int(time.time()):
return jsonify({'error': 'Token has expired'}), 401
else:
User is authenticated; return a protected resource (e.g., a JSON response)
return jsonify({'message': 'Hello, authenticated user!'})
except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
return jsonify({'error': 'Token has expired'}), 401
except jwt.InvalidSignatureError:
return jsonify({'error': 'Invalid token'}), 403
if name == 'main':
app.run(debug=True)

How it works:

Security Considerations:

This is just a basic example to demonstrate the concept of using JSON Web Tokens for authentication in a REST API. In a real-world scenario, you would want to implement additional security measures, such as:

I hope this example helps you get started with JWT authentication in Python!

How to create an API token in Python?

Creating an API token in Python involves generating a cryptographic key and then using that key to create a JSON Web Token (JWT). Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do it:

Step 1: Install the necessary libraries

You'll need to install two libraries: pyjwt for creating JWTs, and secrets for generating a secure random token.

Run the following command in your terminal:

pip install pyjwt
pip install secrets

Step 2: Import the necessary libraries

In your Python script, import the pyjwt and secrets libraries:

import jwt
from secrets import token_hex

Step 3: Generate a secret key

Generate a random secret key using the token_hex function from the secrets library. This key will be used to sign your JWT.

secret_key = token_hex(32)
print(secret_key)

This will generate a 32-character hexadecimal string, which is suitable for most use cases.

Step 4: Define the API token payload

Create a dictionary that represents the payload of your JWT. This should include the relevant information about the user or client that's making the API request.

api_token_payload = {
"user_id": 123,
"username": "john_doe",
"exp": int(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1).timestamp())  # set expiration time
}

In this example, we're creating a JWT that contains the user's ID, username, and an expiration timestamp (set to one day in the future).

Step 5: Create the JWT

Use the pyjwt library to create a signed JWT based on your secret key and payload.

api_token = jwt.encode(payload=api_token_payload, key=secret_key, algorithm='HS256')
print(api_token)

This will generate a JSON Web Token (JWT) that looks something like this:

eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImF1ZCI6IntcIjYxMDEyLjc4Njg1NCIsInVpZCI6MTcyMDAsInVzZXJVXl9.IW4E8R8u...

Step 6: Verify the API token

To verify the API token, you can use the same pyjwt library to decode the JWT and check its validity.

decoded_token = jwt.decode(api_token, key=secret_key, algorithms=['HS256'])
print(decoded_token)

This will return the original payload dictionary that was used to create the JWT. You can then verify the contents of the payload to ensure it's valid and belongs to the expected user or client.

That's it! By following these steps, you've created an API token in Python using JSON Web Tokens (JWTs).