Python rules PDF
Python rules PDF
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Here's a comprehensive guide on the Python rules:
Python Rules: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
Python is an interpreted programming language that has gained immense popularity due to its simplicity and ease of use. As you start learning Python, it's essential to understand the rules that govern the language. This guide provides an in-depth look at the basic syntax and rules of Python.
Indentation: Indentation plays a crucial role in Python programming. It helps organize code by grouping statements together. Use four spaces for indentation. Avoid using tabs, as they can cause issues with readability and compatibility. Syntax Highlighting: Python uses a specific format for syntax highlighting, making it easier to read and understand code. The following rules apply: Keywords are highlighted in blue (e.g.,if, else, etc.) Function names are highlighted in green Variables are highlighted in purple Variable Names: In Python, variable names can be any valid identifier. A valid identifier is a sequence of characters that starts with a letter or underscore and contains only letters, digits, and underscores. Examples: x, my_variable, hello_world Assignment Operator: The assignment operator (=) assigns a value to a variable. For example: x = 5 assigns the integer 5 to the variable x. Multiple assignments are allowed, for example: a, b = 1, 2 Functions: In Python, functions define reusable blocks of code. A function can take arguments (parameters) and return values. The basic syntax is:
def function_name(parameters):
code block
return value
if, else, while, and for. For example: Conditional statement: if x > 5: print("x is greater than 5") Looping statement: for i in range(10): print(i) Comments: Comments start with the hash symbol (#) and extend to the end of the line. They provide a way to add notes or explanations to your code. Error Handling: Python provides several ways to handle errors: Try-except block: try: except Exception as e: print(f"An error occurred: {e}") Raising exceptions: raise ValueError("Invalid input") Built-in Functions: Python has a wide range of built-in functions that provide functionality for various tasks, such as string manipulation (e.g., len(), str.lower()), mathematical operations (e.g., sum(), max()), and more.
Conclusion
In this guide, you've learned the fundamental rules and syntax of Python programming. Understanding these basics will help you build a strong foundation for your Python journey. Remember to always follow best practices and coding standards when writing Python code.
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Python syntax PDF
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Here is a comprehensive guide to the syntax of Python programming language:
Variables and Data Types
In Python, variables are used to store values. You can assign a value to a variable using the assignment operator (=). The data type of the variable is determined by the type of value you assign.
Integers:x = 1 - whole numbers Floats: y = 3.14 - decimal numbers Strings: name = "John" - sequences of characters, enclosed in quotes Boolean: isAdmin = True - true or false values List: fruits = ["apple", "banana"] - ordered collections of values Tuple: coordinates = (1.0, 2.0) - ordered, immutable collection of values Dictionary: person = {"name": "John", "age": 30} - unordered collection of key-value pairs
Operators
Python supports various operators for performing arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operations.
Arithmetic Operators: Addition:x + y Subtraction: x - y Multiplication: x * y Division: x / y Modulus: x % y Comparison Operators: Equal: x == y Not Equal: x != y Greater Than: x > y Less Than: x < y Greater Than or Equal: x >= y Less Than or Equal: x <= y Logical Operators: And: x and y (both conditions must be true) Or: x or y (at least one condition must be true) Not: not x (negates the result of the expression) Assignment Operators: Simple Assignment: x = y Addition Assignment: x += y Subtraction Assignment: x -= y Multiplication Assignment: x *= y Division Assignment: x /= y
Control Structures
Python supports various control structures for managing the flow of your program.
If-Else Statements:if x > 0: print("Positive"); else: print("Negative") (executes a block of code if a condition is true, or executes another block if it's false) For Loops: for fruit in fruits: print(fruit) (repeats a block of code for each item in a sequence) While Loops: while x < 10: print(x); x += 1 (repeats a block of code while a condition is true) Try-Except Blocks: try: x = 1 / 0; except ZeroDivisionError: print("Cannot divide by zero!") (catches and handles exceptions)
Functions
Python functions are reusable blocks of code that take arguments and return values.
Defining a Function:def greet(name): print(f"Hello, {name}!") Calling a Function: greet("John")
Modules
Python modules are pre-written code libraries that you can import into your program.
Importing a Module:import math (loads the built-in math module) Using a Module: print(math.pi) (uses the pi constant from the math module)
Additional Tips and Tricks
Indentation: Python uses indentation to denote block-level structure. Use spaces or tabs consistently. Comments: Use# for single-line comments, and triple quotes (""") for multi-line comments. Error Handling: Catch and handle exceptions using try-except blocks.
That's a comprehensive overview of the syntax in Python!
