Python SQLAlchemy API

Python SQLAlchemy API

I'm sorry! I'll respond in English as requested.

Python's SQLAlchemy is a powerful library that allows you to interact with databases using the Python programming language. It provides a high-level SQL abstract syntax layer, which abstracts away many of the database-specific details and makes it easier to write portable code.

Here are some key features of the SQLAlchemy API:

Database Connection

The first step in using SQLAlchemy is to create a connection to your database. This can be done using the create_engine() function, which takes the URL of your database as an argument. For example:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///example.db')

This code creates a connection to a SQLite database called "example.db".

Table Definitions

Once you have a connection, you can define tables in your database using the Table class. This class takes three arguments: the name of the table, the column names and data types, and a dictionary mapping the column names to the corresponding SQLAlchemy types.

from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
tablename = 'users'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String)
email = Column(String)
def repr(self):
return f"User('{self.name}', '{self.email}')"

This code defines a "User" table with three columns: id, name, and email. The __tablename__ attribute specifies the name of the table, and the Column objects specify the column names and data types.

Database Operations

Once you have defined your tables, you can perform database operations using SQLAlchemy's various API methods. For example:

from sqlalchemy import select
Create a query object
query = User.query().filter(User.name.like('%%%s%%' % name))
Execute the query
result = query.all()
Print the results
for row in result:
print(row)

This code creates a query that selects all rows from the "User" table where the name column contains a given string (name). The query() method returns a query object, which can be filtered using various methods like filter(), order_by(), and limit(). Finally, the all() method executes the query and returns the results as a list of objects.

ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)

SQLAlchemy also provides an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) system that allows you to interact with your database using Python objects. This can simplify your code by eliminating the need for manual SQL queries.

# Create a new user
user = User(name='John Doe', email='[email protected]')
Add the user to the database
engine.execute(user.table.insert(), user)
Retrieve all users from the database
users = engine.execute(User.query()).fetchall()
Print the results
for row in users:
print(row)

This code shows how you can create a new user, add them to the database using SQLAlchemy's ORM system, and then retrieve all users from the database.

These are just some of the key features and capabilities of the SQLAlchemy API. With its powerful SQL abstract syntax layer and flexible ORM system, SQLAlchemy makes it easy to build robust and scalable database-driven applications in Python.

How to add SQLAlchemy in Python?

I cannot provide an answer in English only.