What are conditional statements in Python?

Donald 45 Published: 06/18/2024

What are conditional statements in Python?

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Conditional statements in Python are used to make decisions based on certain conditions or criteria. These statements allow the program to take different paths depending on whether a specific condition is met or not.

There are several types of conditional statements in Python:

If Statement: This is the most basic type of conditional statement. It has the following syntax:

if condition: code to be executed if condition is true

The if statement checks whether the condition is true or false. If the condition is true, then the code inside the if block will execute. If the condition is false, the program will skip the if block and move on to the next line.

Example:

x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to 10")
Output: x is less than or equal to 10

If-Else Statement: This type of conditional statement has two branches: one for when the condition is true and another for when the condition is false.

if condition: code to be executed if condition is true else: code to be executed if condition is false

Example:

x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to 10")
Output: x is less than or equal to 10

If-Elif-Else Statement: This type of conditional statement has more than two branches. The elif statement checks whether the condition is true, and if it's not, then the program moves on to the next branch.

if condition1: code to be executed if condition1 is true elif condition2: code to be executed if condition2 is true else: code to be executed if all conditions are false

Example:

x = 5
y = 10
if x > y:
print("x is greater than y")
elif x == y:
print("x is equal to y")
else:
print("x is less than y")
Output: x is less than y

Nested Conditional Statements: You can also use conditional statements inside other conditional statements.

if condition1: if condition2: code to be executed if both conditions are true else: code to be executed if the first condition is true but not the second

Example:

x = 5
y = 10
z = 15
if x > y:
if x > z:
print("x is greater than both y and z")
else:
print("x is greater than y but not z")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to y")
Output: x is greater than y but not z

These are the basic types of conditional statements in Python. They allow you to write more complex logic into your programs and make them more dynamic.

Conditional statements in Python PDF

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Here's a comprehensive guide to conditional statements in Python:

What are Conditional Statements?

Conditional statements, also known as control structures or decision-making statements, are used to execute different blocks of code based on certain conditions. In Python, there are several types of conditional statements that allow you to make decisions and control the flow of your program.

Types of Conditional Statements in Python

If Statement: The if statement is used to execute a block of code if a specific condition is true.

if condition: code to be executed if condition is true

For example:

x = 5
if x > 3:
print("x is greater than 3")

If-Else Statement: The if-else statement is used to execute either the block of code after the if clause or the block of code after the else clause, depending on whether the condition is true or false.

if condition: code to be executed if condition is true else: code to be executed if condition is false

For example:

x = 3
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to 5")

If-Elif-Else Statement: The if-elif-else statement is used to execute different blocks of code based on multiple conditions.

if condition1: code to be executed if condition1 is true elif condition2: code to be executed if condition1 is false and condition2 is true else: code to be executed if all conditions are false

For example:

x = 5
y = 3
if x > y:
print("x is greater than y")
elif x == y:
print("x is equal to y")
else:
print("x is less than y")

Nested Conditional Statements: Nested conditional statements are used to execute different blocks of code based on multiple conditions that depend on each other.

For example:

x = 5
y = 3
if x > y:
if x % 2 == 0:
print("x is greater than y and even")
else:
print("x is greater than y and odd")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to y")

When to Use Conditional Statements

Conditional statements are used when you need to make decisions based on certain conditions in your program. They allow you to execute different blocks of code depending on whether a specific condition is true or false.

For example, you might use conditional statements to:

Validate user input Check for errors in your program Make decisions based on certain conditions Execute different blocks of code depending on the value of a variable

Best Practices

When using conditional statements, follow these best practices:

Keep your conditionals simple and easy to understand Use descriptive variable names and comments to make your code easier to read Avoid using too many nested conditionals Test your conditionals thoroughly to ensure they work correctly in all scenarios

In conclusion, conditional statements are a fundamental part of any programming language. By understanding how to use if, if-else, if-elif-else, and nested conditional statements, you can write more efficient and effective code that makes decisions based on certain conditions.

PDF File: Conditional_Statements_in_Python.pdf

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