Bitwise operators in python exercises w3schools

Bitwise operators in python exercises w3schools

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What are the bitwise operators in Python explain each with suitable examples?

Here's an explanation of the bitwise operators in Python along with examples:

1. Bitwise AND (&)

The bitwise AND operator (&) performs a binary AND operation on two numbers. It compares each bit of the first operand (on the left) to the corresponding bit of the second operand (on the right). If both bits are 1, the corresponding result bit is set to 1. Otherwise, the corresponding result bit is set to 0.

Example:

a = 5     # binary: 00000101
b = 3     # binary: 00000011
result = a & b
print(result)    # Output: 1 (binary: 00000001)
Breakdown of the bitwise AND operation:
0 (a)  & 0 (b)  => 0
0 (a)  & 1 (b)  => 0
1 (a)  & 0 (b)  => 0
1 (a)  & 1 (b)  => 1

2. Bitwise OR (|)

The bitwise OR operator (|) performs a binary OR operation on two numbers. It compares each bit of the first operand to the corresponding bit of the second operand. If either bit is 1, the corresponding result bit is set to 1. Otherwise, the corresponding result bit is set to 0.

Example:

a = 5     # binary: 00000101
b = 3     # binary: 00000011
result = a | b
print(result)    # Output: 7 (binary: 00000111)
Breakdown of the bitwise OR operation:
0 (a)  | 0 (b)  => 0
0 (a)  | 1 (b)  => 1
1 (a)  | 0 (b)  => 1
1 (a)  | 1 (b)  => 1

3. Bitwise XOR (^)

The bitwise XOR operator (^) performs a binary XOR operation on two numbers. It compares each bit of the first operand to the corresponding bit of the second operand. If the bits are different, the corresponding result bit is set to 1. Otherwise, the corresponding result bit is set to 0.

Example:

a = 5     # binary: 00000101
b = 3     # binary: 00000011
result = a ^ b
print(result)    # Output: 6 (binary: 00000110)
Breakdown of the bitwise XOR operation:
0 (a)  ^ 0 (b)  => 0
0 (a)  ^ 1 (b)  => 1
1 (a)  ^ 0 (b)  => 1
1 (a)  ^ 1 (b)  => 0

4. Bitwise NOT (~)

The bitwise NOT operator (~) performs a binary NOT operation on one number. It flips all the bits of the operand.

Example:

a = 5     # binary: 00000101
result = ~a
print(result)    # Output: -6 (binary: 11111010)
Breakdown of the bitwise NOT operation:
Flip all bits of a to get ~a

5. Left Shift (<<)

The left shift operator (<<) shifts the bits of the first operand to the left by a specified number of positions and fills the empty spaces with zeros.

Example:

a = 5     # binary: 00000101
shift_amount = 1
result = a << shift_amount
print(result)    # Output: 10 (binary: 00001010)
Breakdown of the left shift operation:
Shift bits of a to the left by 1 position, filling with zeros

6. Right Shift (>>)

The right shift operator (>>) shifts the bits of the first operand to the right by a specified number of positions and fills the empty spaces with zeros.

Example:

a = 10    # binary: 00001010
shift_amount = 1
result = a >> shift_amount
print(result)    # Output: 5 (binary: 00000101)
Breakdown of the right shift operation:
Shift bits of a to the right by 1 position, filling with zeros

These bitwise operators are useful in various situations such as manipulating binary data, creating flags, and performing set operations.