What is the default inheritance in Python?

What is the default inheritance in Python?

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The default inheritance mechanism in Python is known as "Method Resolution Order" (MRO). This concept is used to resolve method calls when there are multiple classes that a class inherits from. The MRO determines the order in which parent classes are searched for methods and attributes. This allows for more complex inheritance scenarios where a child class may inherit from multiple parents.

In Python, the MRO is determined by the "C3" algorithm, which ensures that single inheritance is preserved. Single inheritance means that if a class inherits directly or indirectly from another class, it will not also inherit from another class. The C3 algorithm guarantees this property by ensuring that when there are two or more paths to a parent class, only one of those paths is considered.

Here's an example to illustrate how the MRO works:

class A:
pass
class B(A):
pass
class C(B):
pass

In this example, the MRO would be: C -> B -> A. This means that if you call a method on class C, Python will first look for it in C, then in B, and finally in A.

Now, let's talk about how multiple inheritance works. In Python, when a child class inherits from two or more parents (using the (class1, class2, ...)) syntax), the MRO becomes important to ensure that there are no conflicts or ambiguous method calls.

Here's an example of multiple inheritance:

class A:
pass
class B:
pass
class C(A, B):
pass

In this case, the MRO would be: C -> A -> B. This means that if you call a method on class C, Python will first look for it in C, then in A, and finally in B.

Multiple inheritance can lead to "diamond problem" where two parent classes of a child class have a common parent. In this case, Python uses the C3 algorithm to resolve the ambiguity.

In summary, the default inheritance mechanism in Python is based on the Method Resolution Order (MRO), which determines the order in which parent classes are searched for methods and attributes. This allows for complex inheritance scenarios where a child class may inherit from multiple parents. The C3 algorithm ensures that single inheritance is preserved, and it also resolves ambiguous method calls when there are two or more paths to a parent class.

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What is the difference between inheritance and subclass in Python?

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Inheritance and subclass are two fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python, which allows you to create a new class based on an existing one. While they seem similar at first glance, there's a subtle difference between the two.

Subclass

A subclass is a new class that inherits all the attributes and methods from another class, known as the superclass or parent class. The subclass can also add its own unique features, modify the behavior of the superclass, or override specific methods.

When you create a subclass in Python, you use the class keyword followed by the name of the subclass and the name of the superclass in parentheses, like this:

class Animal:
def init(self):
print("I'm an animal!")
class Dog(Animal):
pass

In this example, the Dog class is a subclass of the Animal class. The Dog class inherits all the attributes and methods from the Animal class and can add its own unique features or modify the behavior of the superclass.

Inheritance

Inheritance is the process by which a subclass inherits the properties (methods, attributes, etc.) of its superclass. In other words, inheritance allows you to create a new class that "is a" type of another class.

To illustrate this concept, consider an example where you want to create a Car class that inherits from a Vehicle class:

class Vehicle:
def init(self):
print("I'm a vehicle!")
class Car(Vehicle):
pass

In this example, the Car class inherits all the properties of the Vehicle class. This means that any methods or attributes defined in the Vehicle class are automatically available to instances of the Car class.

Key differences:

In conclusion, while the terms "subclass" and "inheritance" are often used interchangeably in Python OOP, there's a subtle difference between the two. A subclass is a new class that inherits properties from an existing superclass, whereas inheritance refers to the process of inheriting properties from another class. Understanding these concepts will help you write more effective, object-oriented code in Python.