Conditional statements in Python with example

Mayme 180 Published: 06/12/2024

Conditional statements in Python with example

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Conditional statements in Python are used to execute different blocks of code based on certain conditions being met. They are a fundamental part of programming and help make your code more dynamic.

Here's an overview of the three main types of conditional statements in Python: if, elif, and else.

1. If Statement

The if statement is the most basic type of conditional statement. It checks whether a condition is true or false, and then executes the corresponding block of code.

x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to 10")
Output: x is less than or equal to 10

2. Elif Statement

The elif statement is used when you have multiple conditions that need to be checked. It's like an if-else chain.

age = 20
if age < 18:
print("You are a teenager")
elif age >= 65:
print("You are an elder")
else:
print("You are an adult")
Output: You are an adult

3. Else Statement

The else statement is used when you want to execute a block of code if none of the conditions in the if or elif statements are met.

x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
elif x == 5:
print("x is equal to 5")
else:
print("x is less than 5")
Output: x is less than 5

Conditional statements are a powerful tool in Python, and understanding how to use them will help you write more complex and dynamic code.

In addition to the if-elif-else structure, there's another type of conditional statement called while loops. While loops continue executing as long as a certain condition is true.

Here's an example of using while loop with conditions:

i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
Output:
0
1
2
3
4

In this example, the loop continues executing as long as i is less than 5. The condition is checked at the beginning of each iteration.

That's a basic overview of conditional statements in Python!

How many types of condition are there in Python?

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In Python, there are several types of conditions that can be used in programming. Here are some of the most common ones:

If-Else Statements: This is perhaps the most basic type of condition in Python. The syntax is if condition: action. If the condition is true, then the code inside the if block is executed. If the condition is false, the code inside the else block (if present) is executed.

Example:

x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to 10")

If-Elif-Else Statements: This type of condition allows you to check multiple conditions and execute different blocks of code based on the outcome.

Example:

x = 5
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
elif x == 5:
print("x is equal to 5")
else:
print("x is less than 5")

For Loops: This type of condition allows you to execute a block of code for each item in an iterable (like a list or tuple).

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

While Loops: This type of condition allows you to execute a block of code until a certain condition is met.

Example:

x = 0
while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1

Try-Except Statements: This type of condition allows you to catch and handle exceptions (errors) that may occur during the execution of your code.

Example:

try:
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input!")

Lambda Functions: This type of condition allows you to create small, anonymous functions that can be used as one-liners in certain situations.

Example:

double = lambda x: x * 2
print(double(5))  # prints 10

Conditional Expressions: This type of condition allows you to execute a block of code based on the outcome of an expression.

Example:

x = 5
result = "odd" if x % 2 != 0 else "even"
print(result)  # prints "odd"

Dictionary Comprehensions: This type of condition allows you to create dictionaries using a concise syntax.

Example:

fruits = {'apple': 'red', 'banana': 'yellow'}
fruit_colors = {k: v.lower() for k, v in fruits.items()}
print(fruit_colors)  # prints {'apple': 'red', 'banana': 'yellow'}

Set Comprehensions: This type of condition allows you to create sets using a concise syntax.

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
unique_fruits = {fruit for fruit in fruits}
print(unique_fruits)  # prints {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'}

List Comprehensions: This type of condition allows you to create lists using a concise syntax.

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
colors = [fruit.lower() for fruit in fruits]
print(colors)  # prints ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

These are just a few examples of the many types of conditions that can be used in Python. Each type has its own unique syntax and usage, but they all serve the same purpose: to control the flow of your program based on certain conditions.